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| Philosophy of self ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Philosophy of self
The philosophy of self defines the essential qualities that make one person distinct from all others. There have been numerous approaches to defining these qualities. The self is the idea of a unified being which is the source of consciousness. Moreover, this self is the agent responsible for the thoughts and actions of an individual to which they are ascribed. It is a substance, which therefore endures through time; thus, the thoughts and actions at different moments may pertain to the same self. As the notion of subject, the self had been harshly criticized by Nietzsche at the end of the 19th century, on behalf of what Gilles Deleuze would call a "becoming-other". For an anti-philosophical view influenced by Michel Foucault and ethnomethodology, see Jaber F. Gubrium and James A. Holstein's (2000) book "The Self We Live By: Narrative Identity in a Postmodern World."
== Definitions of the self ==
Most philosophical definitions of self—per Descartes, Locke, Hume, and William James—are expressed in the first person.〔Gaynesford, M. de ''I: The Meaning of the First Person Term'', Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2006.〕 A third person definition does not refer to specific mental qualia but instead strives for objectivity and operationalism.
To another person, the self of one individual is exhibited in the conduct and discourse of that individual. Therefore, the intentions of another individual can only be inferred from something that emanates from that individual. The particular characteristics of the self determine its identity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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